234 research outputs found
Scoping review on interventions to improve adherence to reporting guidelines in health research
Objectives The goal of this study is to identify, analyse and classify interventions to improve adherence to reporting guidelines in order to obtain a wide picture of how the problem of enhancing the completeness of reporting of biomedical literature has been tackled so far.
Design Scoping review.
Search strategy We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases and conducted a grey literature search for (1) studies evaluating interventions to improve adherence to reporting guidelines in health research and (2) other types of references describing interventions that have been performed or suggested but never evaluated. The characteristics and effect of the evaluated interventions were analysed. Moreover, we explored the rationale of the interventions identified and determined the existing gaps in research on the evaluation of interventions to improve adherence to reporting guidelines.
Results 109 references containing 31 interventions (11 evaluated) were included. These were grouped into five categories: (1) training on the use of reporting guidelines, (2) improving understanding, (3) encouraging adherence, (4) checking adherence and providing feedback, and (5) involvement of experts. Additionally, we identified lack of evaluated interventions (1) on training on the use of reporting guidelines and improving their understanding, (2) at early stages of research and (3) after the final acceptance of the manuscript.
Conclusions This scoping review identified a wide range of strategies to improve adherence to reporting guidelines that can be taken by different stakeholders. Additional research is needed to assess the effectiveness of many of these interventionsPeer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Realistic Synthetic Financial Transactions for Anti-Money Laundering Models
With the widespread digitization of finance and the increasing popularity of
cryptocurrencies, the sophistication of fraud schemes devised by cybercriminals
is growing. Money laundering -- the movement of illicit funds to conceal their
origins -- can cross bank and national boundaries, producing complex
transaction patterns. The UN estimates 2-5\% of global GDP or \$0.8 - \$2.0
trillion dollars are laundered globally each year. Unfortunately, real data to
train machine learning models to detect laundering is generally not available,
and previous synthetic data generators have had significant shortcomings. A
realistic, standardized, publicly-available benchmark is needed for comparing
models and for the advancement of the area.
To this end, this paper contributes a synthetic financial transaction dataset
generator and a set of synthetically generated AML (Anti-Money Laundering)
datasets. We have calibrated this agent-based generator to match real
transactions as closely as possible and made the datasets public. We describe
the generator in detail and demonstrate how the datasets generated can help
compare different Graph Neural Networks in terms of their AML abilities. In a
key way, using synthetic data in these comparisons can be even better than
using real data: the ground truth labels are complete, whilst many laundering
transactions in real data are never detected
05101 Abstracts Collection -- Scheduling for Parallel Architectures: Theory, Applications, Challenges
From 06.03.05 to 11.03.05, the Dagstuhl Seminar 05101 ``Scheduling for Parallel Architectures: Theory, Applications, Challenges\u27\u27 was held
in the International Conference and Research Center (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl.
During the seminar, several participants presented their current
research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of
the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of
seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section
describes the seminar topics and goals in general
Solvable Theory of a Strange Metal at the Breakdown of a Heavy Fermi Liquid
We introduce an effective theory for quantum critical points in heavy fermion
systems involving a change in carrier density without symmetry breaking. The
new theory captures a strong coupling metallic fixed point, leading to robust
marginal Fermi liquid transport phenomenology, within a controlled large
limit. This is contrasted with the conventional so-called "slave boson" theory
of the Kondo breakdown, where the large limit describes a weak coupling
fixed point and non-trivial transport behavior may only be obtained through
uncontrolled corrections. We compute the weak field Hall coefficient
within the effective model as the system is tuned across the transition. We
find that between the two plateaus, reflecting the different carrier densities
in the two Fermi liquid phases, the Hall coefficient can develop a peak in the
critical crossover regime, consistent with recent experimental findings. In the
regime of strong damping of emergent bosonic excitations, the critical point
also displays a near-universal "Planckian" transport lifetime,
.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, Supplement include
Interventions to improve adherence to reporting guidelines in health research: a scoping review protocol
Introduction There is evidence that the use of some
reporting guidelines, such as the Consolidated Standards
for Reporting Trials, is associated with improved
completeness of reporting in health research. However,
the current levels of adherence to reporting guidelines are
suboptimal. Over the last few years, several actions aiming
to improve compliance with reporting guidelines have been
taken and proposed. We will conduct a scoping review of
interventions to improve adherence to reporting guidelines
in health research that have been evaluated or suggested,
in order to inform future interventions.
Methods and analysis Our review will follow the Joanna
Briggs Institute scoping review methods manual. We will
search for relevant studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE and
Cochrane Library databases. Moreover, we will carry out
lateral searches from the reference lists of the included
studies, as well as from the lists of articles citing the
included ones. One reviewer will screen the full list, which
will be randomly split into two halves and independently
screened by the other two reviewers. Two reviewers will
perform data extraction independently. Discrepancies
will be solved through discussion. In addition, this search
strategy will be supplemented by a grey literature search.
The interventions found will be classified as assessed or
suggested, as well as according to different criteria, in
relation to their target (journal policies, journal editors,
authors, reviewers, funders, ethical boards or others) or
the research stage at which they are performed (design,
conducting, reporting or peer review). Descriptive
statistical analysis will be performed.
Ethics and dissemination A paper summarising the
findings from this review will be published in a peer reviewed
journal. This scoping review will contribute to a
better understanding and a broader perspective on how
the problem of adhering better to reporting guidelines
has been tackled so far. This could be a major first
step towards developing future strategies to improve
compliance with reporting guidelines in health research
T Cells Specific for a Mycobacterial Glycolipid Expand after Intravenous Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination
Intradermal vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) protects infants from disseminated tuberculosis, and i.v. BCG protects nonhuman primates (NHP) against pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In humans and NHP, protection is thought to be mediated by T cells, which typically recognize bacterial peptide Ags bound to MHC proteins. However, during vertebrate evolution, T cells acquired the capacity to recognize lipid Ags bound to CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c proteins expressed on APCs. It is unknown whether BCG induces T cell immunity to mycobacterial lipids and whether CD1-restricted T cells are resident in the lung. In this study, we developed and validated Macaca mulatta (Mamu) CD1b and CD1c tetramers to probe ex vivo phenotypes and functions of T cells specific for glucose monomycolate (GMM), an immunodominant mycobacterial lipid Ag. We discovered that CD1b and CD1c present GMM to T cells in both humans and NHP. We show that GMM-specific T cells are expanded in rhesus macaque blood 4 wk after i.v. BCG, which has been shown to protect NHP with near-sterilizing efficacy upon M. tuberculosis challenge. After vaccination, these T cells are detected at high frequency within bronchoalveolar fluid and express CD69 and CD103, markers associated with resident memory T cells. Thus, our data expand the repertoire of T cells known to be induced by whole cell mycobacterial vaccines, such as BCG, and show that lipid Ag-specific T cells are resident in the lungs, where they may contribute to protective immunity
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